VWAP

The session’s volume-weighted average price: where trading has really taken place.

7 min read

What it measures

The VWAP (volume weighted average price) is the average price at which trading has taken place since a starting point, giving more weight to the prices where there was more volume. It isn’t an average of closes: each price weighs as much as the number of contracts that changed hands at it.

It resets at the start of each period (the session, the day, the week…) and accumulates from there. Many desks use it as a reference for the day’s “fair price”: if price is above it, the average of what has traded sits below, and vice versa.

1-minute ES candlestick chart with the VWAP line over the price
The default VWAP on a 1-minute ES chart: the session’s lilac line and, in long-dashed orange, the previous VWAP close with its label.

How it’s calculated

VWAP = Σ (price × volume) ÷ Σ volume

  • With footprint, each price of each candle enters with its volume. In Volume used for weighting you can choose Total, only the Bid or only the Ask.
  • Without footprint, the candle’s close enters with the candle’s volume (at least 1).
  • TWAP: with Weight by set to TWAP, each candle weighs the same, with its close, whatever its volume.

The bands are calculated from the weighted standard deviation of the prices in that same period:

Band = VWAP ± k × deviation

with k = 1, 2 and 3 by default (you can change them). They’re drawn above and below, up to three pairs.

When it resets

The Anchor (reset) decides where accumulation starts. Asia, Globex and RTH use Forge’s session hours; Session (the default) and Custom use the hours you write in Session, in New York time (09:30 to 16:00 by default). With these five, candles outside the window are neither included nor drawn: the line appears when the window starts and disappears when it ends. Daily (and its synonym Day), Week and Month cover all candles and reset with the day, the week or the month.

How to read it

  • Price above the VWAP: what has traded in the period sits, on average, below the current price. Below the VWAP, the opposite.
  • Slope: a rising line says the accumulated average price keeps going up. With Color by slope you see it at a glance.
  • Bands: they measure how far price has moved away from its average, in deviations. The farther away, the more extreme relative to what traded in the period.
  • Previous close: the dashed line is the value the VWAP of the previous period ended at, drawn across the new period. It serves as a reference level; the VWAP yesterday label carries its price.

The VWAP isn’t a signal: it marks an average, it doesn’t say what price is going to do.

Adding it to the chart

In the chart bar, Indicators ▾ › More Indicators…. You’ll find it in the Volume / Order Flow category. It’s drawn over the price. How to add and adjust an indicator is in Indicators.

Settings

Open them with the ⚙ on its row in Indicators ▾. Each section collapses and expands on its own.

VWAP settings panel in Forge, with the VWAP and Session sections open
The VWAP settings, with their default values.
SettingDefaultWhat it does
VWAP
Anchor (reset)SessionSession, Daily, Asia, Globex, RTH, Custom, Day, Week or Month: when accumulation starts again.
Weight byVWAPVWAP (by volume) or TWAP (by time, each candle weighs the same).
Volume used for weightingTotalTotal, Bid or Ask. Only counts with footprint and in VWAP mode.
Show the first periodYesIf you turn it off, the chart’s first period (which often starts partway through) is accumulated but not drawn.
Session
Start (Custom only) · End (Custom only)09:30 · 16:00The window, in New York time, chosen from a drop-down with every hour of the day, minute by minute. They apply with Custom and with Session; with Asia, Globex, RTH or Daily, Forge’s hours rule.
Days (0 = all)0Calculates only the last days you specify. 0 = the whole chart.
Fixed start
Anchor at a fixed pointNoAccumulates from a specific moment, and draws nothing before it.
Start (yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm NY)EmptyThe moment, in New York time, in that format.
Reset at each sessionYesWith the fixed point on, it starts over with each session. Off, it accumulates from the point without resetting.
Bands
Draw the bandsNoShows up to three pairs of bands, above and below, dashed.
Deviation 1 · Deviation 2 · Deviation 31 · 2 · 3How many deviations separate each band from the line.
Bands colorVioletThe color of all six; they’re drawn semi-transparent.
Line
Line colorLilacThe color of the VWAP line.
Line width2 pxFrom 1 to 10 px.
Color by slopeNoEach segment takes the color of whether it rises or falls relative to the previous candle.
Color when rising · Color when fallingIce · PinkWith Color by slope.
Previous close
Mark the previous closeYesDraws the value the previous period’s VWAP ended at.
Color · WidthOrange · 1 pxFrom 1 to 10 px.
Line styleLong dashSolid, Long dash, Short dash, Dotted or Long dash-dot.
“VWAP yesterday” labelYesA text with the price, at the end of the line.
Label size9 pxFrom 7 to 16 px.
Neural
Glow (Neural theme)Yes, when addedA halo of light in the color of each line or mark, like the one on the Neural theme candles. A newly added indicator comes with it checked; the ones you already had saved don’t.
Glow intensity (%)60%From 0 to 100%.

Settings belong to each chart: changing the VWAP on one chart doesn’t change it on another.

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